Resumen

El propósito de este estudio es comparar la seguridad, tolerabilidad, actividad antiviral y efecto inmunológico de lopinavir/ritonavir más lamivudina (3TC) versus el tratamiento estándar con 2 inhibidores nucleosídicos/nucleotídicos de la transcriptasa reversa (INTR) más lopinavir/ritonavir en el tratamiento de sujetos vírgenes de tratamiento infectados con VIH-1.

Descripción detallada

La terapia combinada con 2 inhibidores nucleosídicos de la transcriptasa reversa (INTR) más un inhibidor no nucleosídico de la transcriptasa reversa (INNTR) o un inhibidor de proteasa (IP) ha sido la base del tratamiento durante más de 10 años, con base en evidencia sólida derivada de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados controlados y datos epidemiológicos. Actualmente se están explorando una variedad de nuevos enfoques diseñados para abordar los problemas asociados con la terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) combinada. Estos incluyen interrupciones estratégicas del tratamiento para reducir el tiempo de terapia, la toxicidad y el costo. Con base en su rendimiento, una combinación de dos fármacos que incluya lopinavir/ritonavir y evite los INTR más tóxicos como los análogos de nucleósidos de timidina, pero mantenga los análogos de nucleósidos no timidínicos, parece ser un régimen potencialmente simple, seguro y eficaz.

Elegibilidad

Edad mínima: 18 YearsSexo: ALL

Criterios de inclusión

\> 18 years of age.
Patient with documented HIV-1 infection
Subject has voluntarily signed and dated an informed consent form
Subject agrees not to take any medication during the study, including over the counter medicines or herbal preparations, without the approval of the trial physician.
Documented HIV-1 RNA \>1,000 copies/mL
Subject naïve to ARV. (Patients who had received ARV ≤ 48 hours are allowed).
Subject has indication to receive an antiretroviral regimen.
Subjects can comply with protocol requirements.
Subject's general medical condition, in the investigator's opinion, does not interfere with assessments and completion of the trial.
If female, :
use 2 different methods of birth control including, at least, one barrier method, and are acceptable to both the subject and investigator, and
has a urine pregnancy test performed at the Screening Visit and on Baseline. Results of both tests must be negative.
continue using 2 different methods of birth control including, at least, one barrier method for at least 30 days after the end of the treatment period

Criterios de exclusión

\. Evidence of viral resistance against lopinavir/ritonavir, and/or FTC or 3TC, and/or other nucleoside analogues based on the genotype resistance test performed at screening, considering resistance according to the panel IAS - USA, version in December, 2009.
\. The presence of any of the following major mutations: V32I; I47V / A; L76V; V82A/F/T/S or the presence of two or more minor mutations at positions:10,20,24,33,46,50,53,54,63,71,73,84,90 is considered resistance to lopinavir/ritonavir.
\. The presence of mutation M184V/I and/or K65R is considered resistance to 3TC or FTC. At the discretion of the investigator and based on the resistance test, a treatment based on lopinavir / ritonavir, plus 3TC or FTC and other similar nucleoside / nucleotide active could not be constructed.
\. Previously documented HIV-2 infection. 5. Use of disallowed concomitant therapy 6. Patient has a current (active) diagnosis of acute hepatitis due to any cause OR chronic Hepatitis C WITH aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \>5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) AND/OR is likely to require treatment in the next year.
\. Active Hepatitis B infection (regardless of stage of infection). 8. Any active clinically significant disease . 9. Subject has a currently active AIDS defining illness (Category C)30 days of screening. Subjects who are on stable maintenance therapy for an opportunistic infection may be enrolled.
\. Life expectancy \< 1 year according to the judgment of the investigator. 11. Screening laboratory analysis shows any of the following abnormal laboratory results:
a. Hemoglobin \< 8.0 g/dL b. Absolute neutrophil count \< 750 cells/µL c. Platelet count \< 50,000 mm3 d. Creatinine\> 1.5 times the normal upper limit. 12. Subject enrolled in other clinical trials . 13. Use of any investigational agents within 30 days prior to screening. 14. Use of immunosuppressive drugs, cytokine inhibitors or other cytokines in the last year.
\. Active substance use or abuse that the investigator determines may significantly interfere with study procedures 16. Any condition (including but not limited to alcohol and drug use) which in the opinion of the investigator, could compromise the subject's safety or adherence to the protocol.
\. Subject is pregnant or breast-feeding.

Intervenciones

drug

lopinavir/ritonavir plus one nucleoside

ARM 1: Lopinavir/ritonavir 200mg/50mg 2 tabs bid plus 3TC 150mg x1 tab bid

drug

lopinavir /ritonavir plus two nucleosides

ARM 2: 3TC 150mg x1 tab bid or FTC 200mg 1 capsule qd plus Lopinavir/ritonavir 200mg/50mg 2 tabs BID plus a second NRTI, selected at investigator's discretion, based on baseline genotype.

Estudio de fase 3, aleatorizado, abierto y controlado, de lopinavir/ritonavir y lamivudina versus tratamiento estándar en sujetos vírgenes de tratamiento infectados con VIH-1.